{"id":10223,"date":"2026-05-09T15:28:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T19:28:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/?p=10223"},"modified":"2026-05-09T15:48:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T19:48:20","slug":"ia-et-medecine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2026\/05\/ia-et-medecine\/","title":{"rendered":"IA et m\u00e9decine"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Un article r\u00e9cent publi\u00e9 le 30 avril dernier dans la revue Science : Performance of a large language model on the reasoning tasks of a physician<\/a> met en lumi\u00e8re les champs de performance de l’IA dans diff\u00e9rents contextes cliniques. J’ai traduit la conclusion de l’article\u00a0: L’IA \u00e0 l’urgence de l’h\u00f4pital\u2026<\/a> Les auteurs sont bien conscients des limites de leur \u00e9tude, notamment le fait que les \u00ab\u00a0inputs\u00a0\u00bb compar\u00e9s sont uniquement textuels alors que les cliniciens ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des informations non textuelles : d\u00e9tresse visible du patient, r\u00e9ponses non verbales… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a m’a tout de m\u00eame rappel\u00e9 ce billet de f\u00e9vrier dernier<\/a> o\u00f9 je rapportais ce que disait ce m\u00e9decin lors d’un entretien de Azeem Azhar avec quatre utilisateurs<\/a> de l’IA dont un m\u00e9decin : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Plusieurs \u00e9tudes comparent actuellement l\u2019IA\u00a0seule \u00e0 l\u2019IA associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des m\u00e9decins<\/a>, sur diff\u00e9rents types de performances cliniques. Et\u00a0l\u2019IA [seule] a obtenu de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats que les m\u00e9decins associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019IA<\/strong>. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas pr\u00e9vu. Tout \u00e9tait cens\u00e9 \u00eatre hybride. (…) Les [m\u00e9decins] moins performants sont plus enclins \u00e0 accepter les contributions de l\u2019IA, tandis que les experts rejettent les bonnes contributions de l\u2019IA.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Alors que les auteurs de l’article de Science appellent \u00e0 plus de recherche sur l’interaction IA-m\u00e9decins afin de s’assurer que ces derniers utilisent correctement l’outil, je me demande si on ne peut pr\u00e9dire qu’une telle \u00ab\u00a0collaboration\u00a0\u00bb institu\u00e9e conduira \u00e0 une perte de comp\u00e9tence du c\u00f4t\u00e9 humain. C’est en tout cas ce que laissent voir d’autres \u00e9tudes aupr\u00e8s de codeurs, utilisant ou non les facilit\u00e9s de l’IA (sur la pente glissante de l’asistance par l’IA<\/a>). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un article r\u00e9cent publi\u00e9 le 30 avril dernier dans la revue Science : Performance of a large language model on the reasoning tasks of a physician met en lumi\u00e8re les champs de performance de l’IA dans diff\u00e9rents contextes cliniques. J’ai traduit la conclusion de l’article\u00a0: L’IA \u00e0 l’urgence de l’h\u00f4pital\u2026 Les auteurs sont bien conscients … <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture de « IA et m\u00e9decine »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"atmosphere_disabled":false,"atmosphere_custom_text":"","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5839,"url":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2018\/03\/ia-nest-pas-conscience\/","url_meta":{"origin":10223,"position":0},"title":"IA n’est pas conscience","author":"Gilles Beauchamp","date":"7 mars 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"On parle beaucoup, de plus en plus de l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA). Surtout depuis que Montr\u00e9al est reconnue comme centre international de recherche en la mati\u00e8re. M\u00eame Juan-Luis Klein en parlait dans sa conf\u00e9rence de cl\u00f4ture du colloque sur le d\u00e9veloppement des collectivit\u00e9s de d\u00e9cembre dernier. La crise\u2026 la quatri\u00e8me r\u00e9volution\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans \"donn\u00e9es personnelles\"","block_context":{"text":"donn\u00e9es personnelles","link":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/tag\/donnees-personnelles\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/DataMachLearn-420x210.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9459,"url":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2026\/02\/ia-democratie-et-planification\/","url_meta":{"origin":10223,"position":1},"title":"IA, d\u00e9mocratie et planification","author":"Gilles Beauchamp","date":"27 f\u00e9vrier 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Apr\u00e8s avoir lu plusieurs articles r\u00e9cents et d'autres moins r\u00e9cents, ce dernier, paru hier, me semble le plus important : Vers une science de la fiabilit\u00e9 des IA, par les auteurs Kapoor\u00a0et Narayanan d'un papier qui a fait beaucoup parler l'an dernier : AI as normal technologyma traduction : L\u2019IA,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans \"d\u00e9mocratie\"","block_context":{"text":"d\u00e9mocratie","link":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/tag\/democratie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"\u00e9volution de la fiabilit\u00e9 des IA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/reliability_AI.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/reliability_AI.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/reliability_AI.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/reliability_AI.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/reliability_AI.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/reliability_AI.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":9885,"url":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2026\/04\/la-pente-glissante-assistance-ia\/","url_meta":{"origin":10223,"position":2},"title":"sur la pente glissante de l’assistance par l’IA","author":"Gilles Beauchamp","date":"8 avril 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Jusqu'o\u00f9 peut-on utiliser l'IA de mani\u00e8re \u00e9thique et responsable ? Pour faire la recherche pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l'\u00e9criture ? Pour r\u00e9sumer les documents trouv\u00e9s dans cette premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape ? Pour corriger un premier jet ? Que j'aie \u00e0 produire des documents d'appui pour orienter l'action de mon organisation ou des messages\u2026","rel":"","context":"Article similaire","block_context":{"text":"Article similaire","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cyborg_typing_text.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cyborg_typing_text.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cyborg_typing_text.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10313,"url":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2026\/07\/lia-une-technologie-sociale\/","url_meta":{"origin":10223,"position":3},"title":"L’IA , une technologie sociale au service de qui ?","author":"Gilles Beauchamp","date":"3 juillet 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans un long article (L'IA en tant que technnologie sociale) Henry Farrell et Cosma Rohilla Shalizi d\u00e9veloppent la comparaison entre l'IA et la bureaucratie. Cette derni\u00e8re ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e pour g\u00e9rer de grands ensemble et appliquer des proc\u00e9dures et lois de mani\u00e8re uniforme et impersonnelle. 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