{"id":4217,"date":"2012-08-05T11:19:12","date_gmt":"2012-08-05T15:19:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/?p=4217"},"modified":"2012-08-05T13:10:20","modified_gmt":"2012-08-05T17:10:20","slug":"contribution-des-riches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2012\/08\/contribution-des-riches\/","title":{"rendered":"la contribution des riches"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deux semaines que j’ai sur mon bureau ces quelques paragraphes tir\u00e9s de quatre textes, que j’avais\u00a0ambitieusement\u00a0<\/span>titr\u00e9\u00a0La contribution des riches<\/em>… Tant pis si je n’ai pas un billet \u00e0 la hauteur, ces citations vous inspireront sans doute autant que moi !<\/p>\n

There are plenty of very rich Americans who have a sense of perspective, who take pride in their achievements without believing that their success entitles them to live by different rules. But Mitt Romney, it seems, isn\u2019t one of those people. And that discovery may be an even bigger issue than whatever is hidden in those tax returns he won\u2019t release. [Paul Krugman, Pathos of the Plutocrats<\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Les deux premiers textes parlent de la m\u00eame chose : la propension qu’ont certains riches \u00e0 oublier qu’ils ne se sont pas faits tout seuls et que, \u00e0 vouloir absolument r\u00e9duire la taille de l’\u00c9tat ou les r\u00e9glementations, on finit par scier la branche sur laquelle on est assis. La plume de Krugman est plus concise, et plus douloureuse aux flancs du camp Romney.<\/p>\n

To me, this is the nature of the strain on the system at present. It’s not that incomes at the top are soaring while those at the middle have been stagnant for several decades. It’s that those at the top seem, for the most part, to have abandoned any sense of responsibility for maintaining public support in the system that enriches them. On the contrary, they seem to have become ever more willing to flout societal norms in pursuit of ever greater wealth.<\/p>\n

That’s their right, of course. But I think Mr Obama is on to something in suggesting that this behaviour is ultimately corrosive to the free-market system. Elites may agree that free markets are both more efficient and moral than alternatives. They should also recognise that free markets can only be sustained by the consent of the majority. The public grants the rich the right to their wealth if and only if they agree that the rich deserve it. [\u00ab\u00a0You didn’t build that\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>, Free exchange, The Economist]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

On peut se demander si, comme le laisse entendre la fin du second extrait, la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la richesse est vraiment \u00ab\u00a0accord\u00e9e par le public\u00a0\u00bb… Il est surprenant, et d\u00e9cevant, de constater qu’on se chicane encore \u00e0 savoir s’il faut plus ou moins d’\u00c9tat, de taxes\u00a0\u2013 et ce dans le pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 qui en impose le moins !\u00a0\u2013 alors que les grandes questions, les grands enjeux sont pass\u00e9s sous silence. On fait comme si les march\u00e9s financiers n’avaient pas failli, \u00e0 plusieurs reprises au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies; failli \u00e0 leur devoir de favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement, l’innovation, le progr\u00e8s. On fait comme si la crise environnementale et \u00e9cologique n’\u00e9tait encore qu’une hypoth\u00e8se, une menace lointaine\u00a0\u2013 ou un contexte naturel sur lequel l’homme n’aurait que peu d’emprise ou de responsabilit\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s moi, le d\u00e9luge<\/strong><\/span> semble l’attitude g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e…<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 la chaleur ambiante, l’extrait suivant donne des frissons dans le dos.<\/p>\n

There is much more warming already baked into the cake based on the carbon that has been released into the atmosphere. Bill McKibben\u00a0writes<\/a>\u00a0that so far, the global temperature has risen 0.8 degrees Celcius, and that the carbon already emitted into the atmosphere will probably generate another 0.8 degree increase<\/strong>\u2014distressingly close to the 2-degree threshold governments have agreed would be too risky to cross. To keep the world below that threshold, Mr McKibben says, would require humanity to limit future emissions to an estimated 565 gigatonnes of CO2. But if you estimate the emissions that would be generated by burning all the fossil fuels in the\u00a0known reserves<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>of private energy companies and sovereign governments\u2014just the known reserves\u2014that adds up to 2,795 gigatonnes of CO2. [The heat is on<\/a>, The Economist]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Les d\u00e9cideurs agissent comme si les mani\u00e8res de faire pouvaient encore se perp\u00e9tuer et m\u00eame servir \u00e0 trouver des solutions, alors qu’elles sont \u00e0 l’origine de la crise actuelle. Laisser le march\u00e9 r\u00e9gler, g\u00e9rer le secteur des \u00e9nergies conduit \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la consommation d’\u00e9nergies fossiles plut\u00f4t qu’\u00e0 la r\u00e9duire. On pouvait encore imaginer une r\u00e9gulation par le march\u00e9 dans le contexte d’une \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e9orie du pic p\u00e9trolier<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb o\u00f9 la\u00a0rarefaction\u00a0de la ressource amenerait une augmentation des prix, et la recherche d’alternatives… mais l’irruption des gaz de schistes dans l’\u00e9quation a conduit \u00e0 une baisse des prix : le march\u00e9 n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi florissant. Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique accro\u00eet la demande en \u00e9nergie, notamment pour la climatisation, et acc\u00e9l\u00e8re d’autant le r\u00e9chauffement ! Comment compter sur la vertu autor\u00e9gulatrice du march\u00e9 dans ce contexte ?<\/p>\n

Pour tenir compte des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9mis (already baked into the cake<\/em>), il faudrait r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e0 moins de 20% des ressources actuellement entre les mains des producteurs… Peut-on compter sur le sens des responsabilit\u00e9s des p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et industries connexes (automobile, d\u00e9veloppement urbain \u00e9tal\u00e9…) pour orienter diff\u00e9remment le d\u00e9veloppement ? Quand les seules perspectives structurantes qui nous sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sont des Plan Nord et des pipelines… il y a de quoi douter.<\/p>\n

I’ve always felt that as long as Moore’s Law is operating, and it shows no sign of letting up, that we aren’t doing our jobs if the tech industry isn’t tracking its growth in a linear fashion. The boom-bust cycle is a product of the lack of vision of the VCs. Or our over-reliance on VCs to lead the investment decisions of the tech industry. [Dave Winer,\u00a0The twilight of the User\/VC<\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

M\u00eame au niveau strictement technologique la m\u00e9canique du libre march\u00e9 ne semble pas fiable. La contribution des riches… est de s’enrichir ! La richesse accumul\u00e9e entre les mains de la minorit\u00e9 est sans doute plus fluide, plus disponible pour l’investissement (et le risque associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l’innovation) mais en m\u00eame temps, elle est moins responsable, moins li\u00e9e \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de vie \u00e0 long terme puisque soumise \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles de rendement \u00e0 court terme qui ont plus \u00e0 voir avec la peur et l’app\u00e2t du gain qu’avec toute \u00e9thique du d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

Des mouvements comme Occupy Wall Street ont mis en lumi\u00e8re les exc\u00e8s de richesse du \u00ab\u00a01%\u00a0\u00bb… mais qui sont vraiment les riches, quand on regarde l’avenir \u00e0 plus long terme : les 1 % les plus riches, ou les 30 %, ou les 50 % ? \u00c0 ne fixer son regard que sur l’extr\u00eame, on \u00e9vite de penser aux changements que la majorit\u00e9 d’entre nous<\/strong><\/span> aurons \u00e0 engager pour sortir de la voie sans issue du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 court terme bas\u00e9 sur la consommation d’\u00e9nergies fossiles \u00e0 bon march\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deux semaines que j’ai sur mon bureau ces quelques paragraphes tir\u00e9s de quatre textes, que j’avais\u00a0ambitieusement\u00a0titr\u00e9\u00a0La contribution des riches… Tant pis si je n’ai pas un billet \u00e0 la hauteur, ces citations vous inspireront sans doute autant que moi ! There are plenty of very rich Americans who have a sense of perspective, who take … <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture de « la contribution des riches »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"atmosphere_disabled":false,"atmosphere_custom_text":"","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[251,12,102,26],"class_list":["post-4217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-equite","tag-environnement","tag-innovation","tag-polis"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4279,"url":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2012\/10\/inegalites\/","url_meta":{"origin":4217,"position":0},"title":"ce qu’il reste de la culture commune","author":"Gilles Beauchamp","date":"27 octobre 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"(...) the growing inequality of our society makes it almost impossible to imagine ever formulating a shared sense of the good life.\u00a0 The very idea of the common good becomes a stretch given the profoundly different ways in which the super rich, the poor and the majority experience life.\u00a0 They\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans \"d\u00e9mocratie\"","block_context":{"text":"d\u00e9mocratie","link":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/tag\/democratie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":995,"url":"https:\/\/gillesenvrac.ca\/carnet\/2008\/10\/inegalites-de-sante\/","url_meta":{"origin":4217,"position":1},"title":"in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de sant\u00e9","author":"Gilles Beauchamp","date":"13 octobre 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"\"Bodies Count,\" and Body Counts: Social Epidemiology and Embodying Inequality, et Tackling health inequities, BMJ (S'attaquer aux in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de sant\u00e9) deux articles de George Davey Smith, Nancy Krieger. 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